Think You're Rational? "Selective Perception" and "Confirmation Bias" don't agree with You!
Reveal the hidden influences of cognitive biases in decision-making process, offering strategies to make smarter, bias-free choices. Perfect for professionals eager to enhance their critical thinking.
Hello fellow tech enthusiasts, and welcome back to Tech Trendsetters, where we discuss tech, science, and other business aspects of our digital world! Today, we're going to talk about two cognitive biases that, while different, are closely related.
To provide an example – have you ever tried to implement change in a team or an organisation, particularly in the tech sector? If you have, you know:
it's not just about overcoming the internal difficulties of change itself;
it's also about navigating the subtle mental traps we often overlook.
So today we talk about "Selective Perception" and "Confirmation Bias" – understanding these two can be incredibly helpful in both your personal life and your career.
So, what is Confirmation Bias?
Confirmation bias, people’s tendency to process information by looking for, or interpreting, information that is consistent with their existing beliefs.
This biased approach to decision making is largely unintentional, and it results in a person ignoring information that is inconsistent with their beliefs. These beliefs can include a person’s expectations in a given situation and their predictions about a particular outcome. People are especially likely to process information to support their own beliefs when an issue is highly important or self-relevant.
In the field of IT and software development, Confirmation Bias manifests in various ways. For instance, developers might prefer certain programming languages, frameworks, or methodologies not because they are the most suitable for a project, but because they align with their personal preferences or past experiences. This bias can result in missed opportunities, holding onto outdated or ineffective practices, and delivering less than optimal technological solutions.
A good CTO I know once highlighted, how Confirmation Bias often drives us to make inferior choices in coding and technology. He observed developers often engage in endless debates over technologies like React vs. Angular or AWS vs. Azure. However, such preferences rarely significantly impact the success of software, indicating a strong presence of Confirmation Bias.
To combat this, we need to:
challenge our ideas and engage with diverse perspectives;
align our work with clear, objective goals, such as enhancing business revenue;
rely on data and avoid anchoring in initial ideas;
recognize when personal biases, not actual needs, drive our decisions.
Quick look into Selective Perception
Selective Perception is a cognitive bias where individuals actively screen out information that contradicts their beliefs or expectations, focusing only on details that align with their personal viewpoints.
Think of it like applying a "filter" to your perception of reality, where you only see what you want to see. And this is not just theoretical! A study by Hastorf and Cantril (1954) showed that when students from two rival universities watched the same football game, they "saw" different events based on their loyalties.
Princeton students reported seeing more fouls committed by Dartmouth players, while Dartmouth students claimed that Princeton players were at fault.
Similarly, in our IT world, software engineers might overlook potential issues in system they've created because they're focused on the parts they're proud of.
In summary, selective perception:
often leads to an overly optimistic assessment of a project's status;
for engineers, it can manifest in the form of overconfidence in certain technologies or methodologies.
They are similar, but not the same
Selective Perception and Confirmation Bias are both cognitive biases, but they operate in slightly different ways and contexts:
Selective Perception:
Application: This bias is about what information we choose to notice and what we ignore. For example, an IT manager might focus only on the parts of a project that are progressing well, while ignoring areas that are lagging or problematic;
Contextual Impact: It's more about the selection of sensory input – what we see, hear, and pay attention to in our environment. Selective Perception is influenced by our expectations and can lead to a skewed view of reality;
Confirmation Bias:
Application: This bias is about how we process, interpret, and remember information. For example, a software developer might favor a particular programming language and thus tend to overvalue its benefits while downplaying its limitations;
Contextual Impact: It plays a significant role in how we interpret and recall information, leading us to maintain or strengthen our existing beliefs or theories, often in the face of contradictory evidence.
In summary, while Selective Perception is about which pieces of information we choose to notice and focus on, Confirmation Bias concerns how we interpret, process, and remember information in a way that reinforces our pre-existing views.
Both can significantly impact decision-making and judgment in various fields, including management and software development. By the way, here is another bias I often like to refer to, that also significantly impacts the decision-making process:
Whether you're a developer, a project manager, or a head of department, you can adopt this knowledge to make the decision-making process more effective.
Applying an unbiased perspective while debugging or making strategic decisions can significantly enhance the quality of our work and outcomes. Instead of selectively perceiving the "good" parts, embrace the "bad" and the "ugly" as well. That's where true growth and learning occur.
To conclude, these biases are like those invisible bugs in our minds - often unnoticed but capable of causing havoc if left unaddressed. Recognising them will lead to an improved performance in any applicable field.
And if you're nodding in agreement, thinking you're immune to this, beware! That's another cognitive bias sneaking in! Curious? Stay tuned for the next piece on a topic of cognitive biases. Till then, stay safe and stay aware!
🔍 Explore more
Groupthink – https://iwooky.substack.com/p/groupthink-effect
The Brooks' Paradox – https://iwooky.substack.com/p/the-brooks-paradox-in-software-development
Dunning–Kruger Effect – https://iwooky.substack.com/p/dunning-kruger-effect